Let Americans sit back to the negotiating table honestly： the volunteer cooking squad fought with the United States for 8 hours

On the evening of May 13th, "News Network" expressed China’s attitude towards the trade war launched by the United States:

"Talk, the door is open; Fight, accompany to the end. "

We don’t want to fight, but we are not afraid to fight. We have to fight if necessary.

How to deal with the "soft and hard hands" of the United States? Chinese is experienced.

68 years ago, in the Korean battlefield, Chinese used the "fight" of "staying with the end" to make proud Americans sit back at the negotiating table;

In the face of Americans’ exorbitant prices and unreasonable tyrannies, Chinese still used the "fight" of "company to the end", which gave up the idea of the other side taking advantage;

Finally, Washington took the initiative to accept our proposal.

However, such an exciting historical process has now been misinterpreted. Some people say that "the volunteers can’t beat the US military at all, and Chinese is begging the United States to talk".

What’s going on here? What is the truth?

On July 10, 1951, the Korean armistice negotiations began. As soon as the American representative Joey came up, he first stated that the hostilities would continue until the terms of the armistice were agreed by both sides.

This sentence laid the groundwork for the long and tortuous armistice negotiations that lasted more than two years.

The Americans cooperated with the armistice negotiations by military action, and the final result of the negotiations was based on the military strength and battlefield situation of both sides.

Before the armistice negotiations began, the internal document No.48/5 of the United States and the public speeches of American government officials such as Acheson, Marshall, Breideleil, etc. all indicated that a ceasefire should be established on the 38th parallel.

However, during the negotiation, when discussing the military demarcation line, our representative put forward the plan of taking the 38th parallel as the boundary (later, we proposed taking the existing contact line as the boundary, but it was still opposed by the US). Joey changed the previous attitude of the US, sat on the ground and raised the notorious "compensation theory of sea and air superiority"-their naval and air forces are strong, and the existing front line cannot truly reflect the strength of the US military, so they should compensate for the land area.

Subsequently, the Americans put forward the theory of "the security of defensive positions and troops", that is to say, they have no danger to defend on the 38th parallel, so they should draw the dividing line where the security of their defensive positions and troops can be guaranteed.

According to the formulation of the United States, they will be given 12,000 square kilometers of land in vain.

This absurd military blackmail was refuted by our representative, General Xie Fang:

"I admit your air and sea advantages. You are the armed forces of the army, navy and air force, but don’t forget: our army rushed you from the Yalu River to the 38th parallel against the armed forces. If the armed forces fought against the armed forces, they would have driven you out of the sea long ago. What room is there for discussion? "

"Since you say that your navy and air force are strong, and we say that our army is strong, can we make such an assumption: when there is a truce, only the equal number of armies on both sides will cease fire, while our redundant army will not cease fire, and your navy and air force will not stop their actions?"

The picture shows the solution of the founding major general

The American representative was tongue-tied and speechless, and became angry from embarrassment and said that famous saying:

"Then let the plane artillery machine guns to debate. If you don’t give it today, we will naturally get it in the future. "

However, if you want to fight, are you still afraid of you?

General Xie Fang coldly said:

What you can’t get at the negotiating table, you can’t get it on the battlefield.

On August 18th, the "United Nations Army" launched the "summer offensive" and "air strangulation war".

In September, the "United Nations Army" launched a larger "autumn offensive".

As luck would have it, the fighting actions of the 47th Army of the Volunteers during this period fully reflected the interwoven process of negotiations and military struggle at that time.

The picture shows the overall situation of the battlefield.

one

Tiandeshan company of heroes

About this war, in the records of the history of the US military, the starting time was the end of September 1951.

At the end of September, the 3rd Infantry Division and 1st Cavalry Division of the United States, the direct enemies of the 47th Army of the Volunteers, completed their preparations for attack.

Among them, the attack of the US Infantry 3rd Division was directed at Tiande Mountain.

Tiande Mountain, located in the west of Tieyuan, north of Luanchuan, near the east bank of Tianjin River, is only more than 20 kilometers away from the strategic location of Kaesong. The Seoul-Tieyuan-Jinhua-Jincheng-Changbianli railway is an important supply line of the enemy, and the jathyapple Mountain, Tiande Mountain and 418 Highland in the north of Tieyuan-Jinhua section held by the volunteers pose a great threat to the railway transportation of Tieyuan and Jinhua.

At 6 o’clock on October 2, 1951, about 100 guns, mainly 105 and 155 howitzers, of the US military began preparations for offensive firepower at the same time. During the interval of the shelling, hundreds of fighters of the US air force danced in the air, pouring napalm, rockets and machine guns. The shelling and bombing lasted for a whole hour.

Subsequently, the US 15th Regiment, with three battalions in parallel, launched a group attack on the position of the 5th Company of the 422nd Regiment of the 141st Division of the 47th Army of Tiandeshan Volunteers (strengthening two platoons, with a total of 248 people), which was a truly standard sea tactics.

Under the command of company commander Yang Baoshan, the 5th Company fought fiercely with the enemy for 8 hours, repelling 11 American charges and wiping out 310 enemy troops.

It is particularly worth mentioning that the "strengthened" 3 battalions, 8 companies and 1 platoon have strong combat effectiveness-there is Li Gankun, a special hero of Montenegro’s blockade war; The platoon leader is a sharpshooter Yao Zhenhua, and there is almost no bullet within 400 meters; All 32 people in the platoon can skillfully operate all kinds of light weapons, and even use 60 guns.

On the day of the war, this platoon alone killed more than 90 people and only sacrificed one person (32 people were sacrificed and more than 50 people were injured that day).

On October 3, the fighting became hot. With the whole regiment, more than 70 tanks, 24 planes and 5 long-range heavy artillery groups, the US 3rd Division concentrated its forces to storm the Tiandeshan position.

The picture shows the advancing US military.

On average, every 5 square meters of positions, there is a heavy artillery bombardment. However, the U.S. military was surprised to find that "even if there was one soldier left in China’s army, it would stick to the high ground" and "therefore, there was a hand-to-hand struggle on the whole line".

Company 5 still held its position after paying heavy casualties (Li Gankun sounded a Grenade in the battle and died with the enemy).

At this time, the war has undergone major changes.

On October 2nd, the 1st Division of American Cavalry in the southwest of Tiande Mountain was put into attack, and the 7th Regiment of its right-wing cavalry was connected with the 15th Regiment of the United States, targeting the 418 and 313 highlands in the west wing of Tiande Mountain.

Only after a fierce battle on the 1st, the 7th Regiment of American Cavalry was badly beaten by my 141st Division. The regiment and the Greek battalion reinforced for them have always been suppressed at the foot of Highland 418 and Highland 313, and cannot move forward.

The 1st Company and 3rd platoon of our 422nd Regiment was at the forefront of the 313 Highland, and only the platoon leader Liu Wanquan and two other soldiers were left in the end. The Greek battalion rushed to the position many times. In the brutal hand-to-hand combat, all the bayonets of the three volunteers were bent, and the Greeks were driven out of the position.

The picture shows the volunteers jumping out of the trench and pouncing on the Greek soldiers.

Ding Yishan, the vice squad leader of Class 8, took out the last Grenade and waited for the enemy to rush up.

He pulled down the fuse of the Grenade, jumped out of the trench and pounced on the enemy group, and died with the enemy in the light and fire.

Yu Zhongkui, the vice squad leader, was injured twice in the head and right hand, but he couldn’t stay in the line of fire. Instead, he ran to the forefront to continue fighting. When reinforcements arrived, he was seriously injured in the head again, and his whole head was swollen into two big ones, and the blood flow could not stop at all. The assistant company came to persuade him to go down and dress it, but he still refused. When the Greeks detoured to the rear, he was the first to jump out of the fortifications and take the lead in fighting back.

The picture shows Class 8 as the forward position of Company 5.

The 1st Division of American Cavalry was forced to join the 8th Regiment of Reserve Cavalry on the right wing the next day, but it still failed to perform well. According to the American Army in the Korean War, the history of the American military:

"Although fierce fighting continued on October 4th (author’s note: referring to American time), the progress of the 1st Riding Division was still quite weak. The troops of the Eighth Regiment reinforced the Seventh Regiment of the Right Wing and attacked the ridge line to the west of the 418 Highland, but the volunteers still stubbornly held their ground. When the defenders are driven back, the volunteers will invest more troops to recapture lost ground. The defenders of each company used 10-12 machine guns and massive grenades to attack the invaders, which caused most of the casualties of the 1 ST Division when the melee became more tragic. "

The American attack was blocked, and in desperation, regardless of international conventions, on the afternoon of October 3, poison gas was released into our military position!

Affected by the poisonous gas, each company of the 1st Battalion of the 422nd Regiment lost its combat effectiveness. At the same time, the 203mm howitzers, 155mm howitzers and cannons equipped by the US military slammed into our position, which not only caused heavy casualties to the volunteers, but also blocked the reinforcements of our second echelon, and the volunteers were forced to withdraw from the 418 and 313 highlands.

[Note: The 7th and 8th Regiments of the 1st Division of American Cavalry have the 936th Artillery Battalion (155mm howitzer), the 17th Artillery Battalion A (203mm howitzer) and the 204th Artillery Battalion A and B (155mm cannon) strengthened by the 1st Army of the United States, and their firepower is far more powerful than that of the 105th Artillery of the American Army Division. 】

After the 418 and 313 highlands fell, the 5th Company was attacked on three sides, and the 8th Regiment of American Cavalry joined the siege of Tiande Mountain, and the 5th Company began to be bombarded by 203mm howitzers. On this day, the U.S. military no longer dragged back the body as before, but directly covered the artillery fire as long as the charge was repelled. Under the power of the 203mm howitzer, the 5th Company’s fortifications were completely destroyed, and the surface eluvial soil was 1m deep, which made it impossible to repair the fortifications.

However, Company 5 did not give in and continued to fight fiercely with the enemy. The fighting was extremely fierce. After every breakthrough by the US military, Company 5 resolutely launched a counterattack to recapture its position.

The picture shows the volunteers who launched a counterattack at night.

During the ninth charge of the US military, a reinforced company of 248 people was left with only the last 12 people, and the ammunition was exhausted.

"Seeing that the US military came up again, the company commander Yang Baoshan burned the documents, smashed the pistol, picked up the stone and jumped into the enemy group from the 5-meter-high rock, and smashed the head of an American soldier and died heroically.

Shang Yuzhi, the vice squad leader of Class 8, jumped out of the trench, knocked an enemy to death with his rifle butt, and was shot and killed.

Soldier Zhang Zuozhong was blinded in one eye and still jumped out of the trench and hugged an enemy tightly biting his throat.

Warrior Zhang Zuoyi was seriously injured and fell to the ground. When the American army rushed to him, he suddenly turned over and pushed the American army to the ground, strangled the American army with all his strength, and sacrificed himself heroically. After his death, he still clung to the enemy’s hair. "

In the end, only the instructor Yan Chengen and the following eight wounded were left. They picked up the stones and prepared for the final battle.

Seeing that the US military was getting closer and closer, it was found that there were still the last three explosive barrels on the position. Yao Zhenhua shouted: "Throw it down!" Miraculously, three explosive barrels blew down more than 80 American troops who were caught off guard, and the eleventh attack was thus beaten back.

The 5th Company of the 422nd Regiment adhered to the main peak of Tiandeshan for 4 days and 3 nights, made outstanding achievements, and was awarded the honorary title of "Tiandeshan company of heroes".

On October 4th, Company 5 was ordered to withdraw from the fighting. The 8th Regiment of the 1st Division of American Cavalry, 15th Regiment of the 3rd Division of American Infantry and the Philippine Battalion finally boarded this empty mountain.

The battle of Tiandeshan made the American army, especially its elite cavalry division 1, pay an unbearable price of casualties. The US military reported: "The tenacious defensive style of the 47th Army-often fighting to the last man-caused serious casualties to the attacking troops riding the 1st Division." "Those China soldiers dressed in rags seemed to have taken medicine that was not afraid of death."

2

The second "Tegong 5 Company"

Tegong Company 5, which is often reported.

In 1986, a battle was broadcast live internally, and later the whole country knew about this company. The video of "Operation Lan Jian B" that can be found on the Internet now is their real battle scene at that time. At that time, Gu Jinhai’s martyr’s phrase "Save the captain first" repeatedly played in News Network, see how many Chinese you cry!

During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, this company had already won the collective special merit in the battle of Yan ‘an Mountain. At that time, its nickname was Company 5, 416th Regiment, 139th Division, 47th Army of the Volunteers. There are more than 240 people on Yan ‘an Mountain, and only 18 people are left down the mountain.

At that time, the U.S. military fought hard to conquer the positions such as Tiandeshan, which meant that the 47th Army was facing an extremely severe situation. The right-wing highlands such as 272, 346 and Yan Xianshan were isolated and exposed. Once these highlands on the right wing are lost, the defense line of the 47th Army will be completely broken.

However, the performance of the 5th Regiment of the 1st Division of the American Cavalry attacking on this side is really poor-in such a favorable situation, it is still unable to take the 272nd and 346th highlands that have been completely isolated. In fact, at this point in the battle, the entire First Army of the United States has made some progress on the front, and only the 5 th Cavalry Regiment is standing still, which makes it impossible for the US military to further develop its offensive.

The war history of the US military records politely: "Opening a gap in the northeast didn’t have any immediate impact on the China defense line facing the 5th Cavalry Corps", and "gained a foothold six times and was pushed back by the enemy six times."

Korean records seem to gloat: "The 1st cavalry division suffered heavy casualties."

At the beginning, the 5 th and 8 th companies of the 415 th Regiment of the Volunteers adhered to the 272 Highland, Yan ‘an Mountain and 218.4 Highland. Hao Zhixin, the platoon leader of 5th Company and 3rd platoon in 272 Highland, has led his troops to repel dozens of attacks from 2nd Battalion of 5th Regiment of American Cavalry, and he was injured in three places. Later, he was awarded the title of sharp knife hero with special merit. The 415th Regiment Lien Chan for many days, although it withstood the attack of the US military, it also suffered huge casualties.

On the morning of October 5th, Yan Deming, the division commander of the 139th Division, and Yan Fusheng, the political commissar, personally called Zhang Yongfu, the 5th company commander of the 416th Regiment, and Pang Dianchen, the instructor, who were originally deployed in the fish pond, to the division command post and ordered them to defend Yan Xian Mountain on the back side of the 272nd Highland, which is actually connected.

When the 416th Regiment and the 5th Regiment were connected to defend for the 2nd Company of the 415th Regiment, the situation around Yan ‘an Mountain and the 272nd Highland was already very grim: the 8th Regiment of the American Cavalry went south to help, and the 7th Regiment of the American Cavalry had captured the 347th and 287th Highlands, which were completely exposed after the first-line side of the 272nd Highland, but the 338.1 Highland was in the hands of the American Army, and the terrain was unfavorable to itself.

Sure enough, when the war broke out again on the 6th, the 5th Regiment of the US Cavalry was supported by the 8th Regiment of the Cavalry, and its courage was strong. It changed the appearance of the plague chicken in recent days and directly attacked the tanks. My fifth company and first platoon were the first to bear the brunt. After a hard battle for one day, there were only five people left in the whole platoon, three of whom were injured.

It was getting late, and the American troops who were not good at fighting at night did not launch an attack, and five soldiers were surrounded by the American troops.

Zhang Yongfu and Pang Dianchen decided that platoon 1 must be rescued anyway, so they strengthened the bugler, hygienist and correspondent to class 5 to form a commando team, led by class 5 monitor Wu Lianyi. The commandos crawled on a layer of loose soil that had been turned over by American artillery fire and was more than 10 centimeters deep, and they stuck to the ground and headed for a row of positions.

At a distance of more than ten meters near the American sentry, all commandos took out grenades and quickly threw them at the enemy group, pouncing on the American army at the fastest speed. Wu Lianyi took the lead in rushing into the first row of positions, followed by commandos, and launched a melee with the US military, and finally rescued the five comrades.

However, in the process of breaking through, the US military has reacted, and the light and heavy firepower immediately blocked the route. Wu Lianyi was shot three times when he was near the trench exit, and he was seriously injured and fell to the ground. Fortunately, it was discovered by the 17-year-old soldier Li Daixiang, who carried the 1.8-meter-tall man out of the tight encirclement.

Most of the commandos have died in the brutal white-bladed fighting before, and 10 of the 13 commandos have fallen forever in the battle to save their comrades. After the war, Class 5 won the collective first class merit.

Under heavy encirclement, the 5th Regiment of American Cavalry, which was responsible for attacking Yan ‘an Mountain, probably felt that the battle was a little shameful, so on October 7th, it concentrated the whole battalion and launched another assault with the support of six Mustang fighters. This time, they finally occupied the 5 th company and 2 nd platoon position of the 416 th regiment of the Volunteers.

During the attack, a US military lieutenant colonel unexpectedly rushed to the forefront, commanding his firearms and heavy machine guns to stand out in front of us to build a shooting position, with the intention of suppressing the firepower of the fifth company to cover the impact of infantry.

Under the frenzied shooting of American heavy machine guns, Company 5 was overwhelmed and couldn’t lift its head. Zhang Liangtu, the squad leader of Class 4 who has been injured, led two soldiers to carry out counter-attack from the trench, and met with a class of American infantry in a hurry at the corner of the trench. Without thinking, Zhang Liangtu shouted "Lie down!" Pull off the fuse of the Grenade and jump directly. Wu Shengbin, the fourth class soldier behind him, was a soldier that Zhang Liangtu took when he was in Xiangxi. When he saw the squad leader and the enemy mutually assured destruction, tears could not stop flowing. At this time, he only wanted revenge, and immediately jumped forward from another trench, struggling to throw an anti-tank Grenade. The US Lieutenant Colonel fell to the ground and died on the spot, and the machine gunner abandoned the heavy machine gun to escape.

(The picture shows the US machine gun position)

In the subsequent battle, the 1st Division of American Cavalry concentrated all the artillery groups here, and the 5th Company was bombarded more violently than other highlands. At this time, the 5 th Regiment of American Cavalry has been reinforced by the 1 ST Battalion of the 8 th Regiment of Cavalry.

The American army rushed to Yan ‘an Mountain in multiple ways with two battalions.

Company 5 tried its best to fight repeatedly with the US military. Except for platoon 1, only the last five people were killed, and platoon 3 suffered heavy casualties, including 12 people in class 7, and only two people were killed. At this time, two rows of a machine gun played an important role. Fan Hongliang, a machine gun shooter, flexibly used six pre-set firing holes to shoot a row of bullets for one firing hole, avoiding the enemy’s fire, killing a large number of enemies and winning the first class after the war.

By October 8, the 5th Company had less than 50 people. Zhang Yongfu and Pang Dianchen decided to live and die with the position. Everyone destroyed their belongings and decided to hit the last person with one shot and one bullet.

Zhang Yongfu and Pang Dianchen took the lead and led the remaining soldiers to launch a counterattack against the positions occupied by the US military. After 15 repeated fights back and forth, the 5 th and 8 th regiments of the US Cavalry left large bodies and were driven off the ground again.

The American army was shocked! The American Army in the Korean War wrote:

"The enemy tenacious defense, often fight to the last person, make riding a division paid a heavy price. It is often the case that after the US military has captured the operational target, its strength is not enough to resist the powerful counter-impact that the enemy will follow. "

The picture shows the volunteers fighting the enemy repeatedly in a messy position.

That night, there were 18 people left in company 5, and everyone was injured and all the ammunition was exhausted. Zhang Yongfu, the company commander, organized these 18 people into a class, and he was the squad leader and the instructor was the vice squad leader. He collected the guns and ammunition left by the US military before the position and was ready to die.

At this time, Qu Chuanwen, the head of the regiment reconnaissance, led a squad to the position of Yan ‘an Mountain and announced the order of the head of the regiment, Miao Ruyu: Company 5 has successfully completed its defensive combat mission and immediately withdrew from the position.

After the war, five companies made special contributions to the collective, including company commander Zhang Yongfu and instructor Pang Dianchen. Zhang Yongfu won the title of first-class combat hero and Pang Dianchen won the title of second-class combat hero. In addition, 2 classes set up the first class merit, and 9 individuals set up the first class merit. This month, the 47th Army won five companies with two special merits, and the company commander and instructor were awarded the title of combat hero, which is unique in the history of the whole volunteer army.

The picture shows Zhang Yongfu, the 5th company commander of the 416th regiment.

three

"101 highland, 346 highland"

At the beginning, the volunteer army defending the 346 highland was the 3rd Battalion of the 415th Regiment of the 139th Division of the 47th Army. The two sides of the war will fight for life and death here, which is rare in human history.

To what extent was this battle tragic?

A friend of the author, whose father is the instructor of the 3rd Battalion of the 415th Regiment, is over 90 years old. His words are not clear enough and his mind is not clear enough, but he has always recited two words clearly: highland 101 and highland 346.

The 101 highland is Montenegro (the 47th Army blocked the war in Montenegro), and the 346 highland is the story to be told below.

This fierce battle took place in the unknown highland on the north side of 346 highland.

On this highland is the 2nd Company of the 417th Regiment of the 139th Division, covering the main position of the 3rd Company in the 346th Highland. After many days of fierce fighting, although the American army failed to advance, the 2nd Company was exhausted.

The 8 th regiment of the US cavalry rushed to the unknown heights again with a new company. This time, the US military did not encounter much resistance. After all, there were very few volunteer soldiers on the ground. The remaining machine gun group and three soldiers fought to the death, but they were unable to stop the US military’s tidal offensive.

The picture shows the volunteers holding their positions.

As for the volunteers, the 1st Battalion and 1st Company of the 417th Regiment have suffered almost all casualties in the battle against the 287th Highland, and the 3rd Company has been fighting hard in the 346th Highland, so there is no reserve at the battalion command post. Once the nameless highland falls, the 346 highland is bound to be attacked by the US military.

Just then, suddenly a man jumped into the trench, picked up the roulette gun that sacrificed his comrades, and shouted loudly: "Now listen to my command and fight with the American devils!" After saying his word, a group of people behind him threw away the stretcher and rushed into the position.

At the critical moment, the 2 nd cooking squad rushed to the position and shouted that it was Wen Xin, the supplier.

At this time, the American troops rushing in front were less than 20 meters away from the trench. The cookhouse squad threw more than 120 grenades at one go, but failed to stop the American army. Some American troops jumped into the trench and continued to rush. Wen Xin took the machine gun and swept along the trench, lighting all the bullets in one breath, then threw away the machine gun and bravely rushed up with a bayonet.

After a bitter battle, the American army retreated, and Wen Xin was shot and killed.

As soon as the American infantry retreated, the shells immediately landed on the high ground, and even the cat’s ear holes were all blown up, filled with smoke and visibility was extremely low. The cookhouse squad, which lacks combat experience, suddenly panicked. At this time, the cook Jiang Xirong stood up: "Now I am in command and everyone listens to me. As soon as the enemy’s gunfire stops, the infantry will come up, wait for my command, and then smash it with grenades. Even if there is only one person left, you must hold your position. "

With the leader, it’s different. Under the successive command of Wen Xin and Jiang Xirong, these cooks became more and more brave and beat back the Americans one after another for four times.

The picture shows the volunteer soldiers bravely attacking under the cover of heavy machine gun fire.

However, their original task was to save the wounded after delivering ammunition. Now they are all fighting, and the ammunition on the position is getting less and less. Jiang Xirong looked at the last eight grenades and began to call his brothers to load stones into the ammunition box. Everyone leaned against the back of the trench, with grenades in their hands, ammunition boxes filled with stones behind them, and each person had a shovel at hand.

American troops approached cautiously, 40 meters, 30 meters, 20 meters …

Suddenly, grenades flew out, followed by black ammunition boxes. Subsequently, the volunteers rushed out with shovels.

This seems destined to be a life-and-death battle. However, the American army was frightened! They obviously didn’t want to have a hand-to-hand combat, so they turned and ran.

The 2 nd Company Cooking Squad and the 1 ST Company of the 3 rd Battalion of the 8 th Regiment of the US Cavalry repeatedly fought for 8 hours, killing more than 60 enemies and miraculously holding the unknown highland on the north side of the 346 Highland.

This is a real steel cookhouse squad. After the 417th Regiment, the 2 nd Company Cooking Class won the first class and was awarded the honorary title of "Hero Class II".

Subsequently, the 1st Battalion of the 417th Regiment took over the defense of the 3rd Battalion of the 415th Regiment.

In the next battle, both sides suffered great casualties. On the third day after the 417th Regiment came up, the 5th Regiment of American Cavalry couldn’t bear its own battle attrition, and also withdrew from the battle. The 8th Regiment of American Cavalry took over and continued to attack.

On October 9th, the 8th Regiment of the American Army cavalry launched a new offensive, and the accompanying 203mm howitzers poured shells at the 346 highland for two hours. 346 highland was bombed to the ground, and the vibration caused by the explosion made the nose and ears of volunteer soldiers bloody, and many people were buried in the soil.

Subsequently, American infantry swarmed after the tanks. It’s worth noting that the 8th American Cavalry Regiment won many highlands in succession before, and its morale was booming. This time, it took over from the 5th American Cavalry Regiment and decided to win the 346th highland with all one’s strength.

The picture shows the US tanks.

I instantly felt the pressure from all directions in front of a row. Soon, many positions were broken by the US military.

Seeing the critical situation, platoon leader zhangming Jiu shouted: "Follow me!" He jumped out of the trench and took the lead in launching a counter-attack against the enemy. After a hard struggle, he finally repelled the American attack, but all the platoon leaders were sacrificed, leaving only a 17-year-old soldier Chen Qiyao and three seriously wounded people in the position.

The balance of victory and defeat seems to be tilting towards the US military.

This is the first time that Chen Qiyao participated in the battle. At this time, there are only two grenades left in his hand, and he is ready to die with the American troops when they rush up. Liu Yuanshu, the orderly, dragged two boxes of grenades up. He was injured when delivering ammunition. He crawled and dragged. He sent 34 boxes to various positions and 8 boxes to Chen Qiyao.

Thus, the biggest miracle happened on the 346 highland: Chen Qiyao divided the 8 boxes of grenades, a total of 207 pieces, into 8 piles, one person threw them all away, and repelled the US military’s three attacks in one morning!

Americans didn’t even know how many people were on the ground. They had no idea that there was only a 17-year-old child fighting alone here. Later, Chen Qiyao made a first-class merit and awarded the title of lone hero and second-class fighting hero.

The picture shows the corner of the frontier position of the volunteers.

At noon, the US air and long-range firepower continued to bombard the 346 highland, and the firepower was so fierce that it even collapsed the 3 rd company command post on the anti-slope. In the afternoon, the U.S. military launched another charge on the 346 highland with four companies and six roads, and the situation became more intense. Three companies of soldiers stationed in the main peak fell one after another, and all the way, the American troops were close to the main peak.

At this time, the machine gunner Chen Yungan had a brainwave and secretly moved to the flank of the American army. He raised his machine gun and hit it. In a blink of an eye, an American army was knocked to the ground.

The tactical accomplishment of the US military was not weak, and Chen Yungan’s shooting position was quickly identified, and two heavy machine guns swept at him.

Chen Yungan was suppressed by enemy fire and couldn’t lift his head. He immediately came up with an idea. He took off his military cap and let the assistant shooter move in the trench with the shovel handle of the shovel. The American machine gunner thought that the volunteer machine guns would change their shooting positions and aim at the military caps. The assistant shooter was also very clever. When he saw that the military cap had been hit by bullets for several times, he immediately dropped it. The American machine gunner thought that he had knocked out the fire point of the volunteer machine gun and began to transfer fire.

Chen Yungan jumped out of the trench with lightning speed, and three long shots of "tututu" were fired, and several American machine gun shooters were shot and killed. Seeing Chen Yungan’s success, the comrades in the position immediately launched a counter-attack and resisted the US attack.

In this battle, Chen Yungan killed 24 people and made a first-class merit. His younger brother, Chen Yunliang, also fought bravely on this highland and was seriously injured in the battle. This is the real "fighting tigers and brothers"!

The Americans didn’t expect a 346 highland to be so difficult to fight. The 5 th American Cavalry Regiment was disabled in 5 days, and it was no progress to replace it with the 8 th Cavalry Regiment. As a result, the US military history could only be written down helplessly: "The United Nations attacked the 346, 230 and 272 highlands for 8 days, but Chinese never retreated."

On October 11th, the 420th Regiment of the 140th Division took over the defense of the 346th Highland. They contracted their defense formation, abandoned the frontier position of the 272nd Highland and concentrated their forces on defending the main peak.

On the 13th, the 8th Regiment of American Cavalry captured the frontier position of 272 highland that the whole division failed to conquer for ten days without fighting. It seems to be a good start for the 8 th US Cavalry Regiment, which has been in combat since October 4 and has not lost. In the group’s view, the terrain traffic on the first line of the 346 highland is quite convenient, which can not only allow tanks to approach the attack, but also launch multiple artillery groups at the same time in the rear, which is convenient for giving full play to the power of mechanized troops. It is really inappropriate for the 5 th cavalry regiment to lose troops. The 8th US Cavalry Regiment is determined to break Chinese’s defensive circle and capture the 346th Highland.

However, when the 8th Regiment of American Cavalry was assembling and preparing to attack, their good luck ended here.

On the same day, the 202nd Regiment of the Volunteer Rocket suddenly volleyed the 8th Regiment of the American Cavalry, which was being assembled, and caught them off guard. Under the cover shooting of rockets, the 8th Regiment of American Cavalry suffered the biggest nightmare since the war-after the shooting, a class of volunteers was ordered to go out to observe the shooting effect, and more than 100 bodies of American troops were found in only two locations. On the second day, it was found that the US military dispatched 17 cars to pull the bodies.

This time, the US military really tasted the power of Katyusha. In the past, the U.S. military used their air and artillery superiority to often attack the assembled troops of the volunteers, and this time it was their turn to suffer.

After this devastating blow, the 8 th US Cavalry Regiment temporarily lost its offensive ability.

At this point, the war in other directions has subsided, and the 1st Division of the US Cavalry can spare no effort to attack the 346 Highland. The U.S. military has formulated an operational plan called "club head charge".

On the 15th, the 5th American Cavalry Regiment, which invested 2 regiments and 1 battalion, re-entered the war, and strengthened the Belgian Battalion, which was urgently transferred from the 3rd American Infantry Division, to attack from the front. The 8th American Cavalry Regiment made a detour from the right-wing 272nd Highland, and made an all-out assault on the 346th Highland in two directions.

For Americans, this 346 highland is really hard to fight!

The 5th Regiment of American Cavalry was disgraced and lost home in this operation. Compared with the "outstanding record" cavalry regiment 8 and the passable cavalry regiment 7, they failed to capture any mission target. This time, the Belgian battalion was sent to reinforce, and we still could not move forward.

The 8th US Cavalry Regiment also lost its spirit, and only made a little progress on the northeast side of the 346 Highland, "but it could not surround the flank of the combat target". "The 5th and 8th Cavalry Regiments attacked the 346 Highland for another two days, but it didn’t work."

One regiment with 420 regiments is under great pressure to fight against two regiments and one battalion of the US military. The position of the 346 highland was originally built by themselves. Although it was reinforced and improved by the 415 regiment, by October 17, the volunteers had been fighting fiercely with the US military in this highland for 15 days, and there were no fortifications in the position, only craters. It is a miracle to fight hard against the American army in this position for seven days without losing.

The picture shows that the volunteers can only use the crater as a cover when the fortifications are completely destroyed.

With the passage of time, especially after the 5 th regiment of the US Cavalry rejoined the battle, the support firepower of the US military also doubled.

To what extent is the American artillery fire fierce? An artillery correction plane of the US Army was shot down by its own intensive artillery fire.

Under the siege of the U.S. military, the number of combat casualties of the 420 regiment soared.

On the 18th, the highlands of 272 and 230.4 finally fell, and the 1st and 2nd companies of 1st Battalion of 420th Regiment were all sacrificed. 1 battalion commander Han Geng insisted on giving him another company, and he must take back the 230.4 highland counterattack!

In the 346 highland, although the situation of the 2 nd battalion is better, it has been surrounded by American tanks on three sides.

On the 250 highland of the southern front projection of 346 Highland, Zhang Guofu, a famous war hero and a platoon leader of 5 companies and 2 rows who was met by President Mao Zedong at the age of 19-the boy who captured Kuomintang Lieutenant General Zhao Bozhao alive at the age of 16, broke through alone in the afternoon and reported that 346 Highland had been lost-when he woke up with serious injuries, there was no living person on the ground, and he climbed back to the rear. Before he died, he kept saying, "The company commander died, and all the soldiers died … Report to the teacher, I broke through …"

According to the analysis of the 140th Division, Zhang Guofu platoon was attacked by American troops from the north. Seeing that American troops rushed down from the main peak, they mistakenly thought that the main peak had been lost. Zhang Guofu platoon did not flinch, and did not abandon its position in the end of the fierce battle.

Li Yuan, the commander of the 140 th Division, considered that although the 346 highland could be recaptured through counterattack, it was not necessary when the flank of the highland was exposed. Li Yuan weighed the pros and cons and decided to abandon the 346 highland and pull back the 420 regiment with unwilling heart.

On October 18th, the 5th Regiment of American Cavalry entered the empty highland 346, and finally found a fig leaf for itself. The first army of the United States claimed to have achieved all its operational objectives. However, the Koreans who fought together sneered: "The 1st Division of the US Cavalry suffered extremely heavy losses and had to occupy the target after the enemy withdrew."

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Americans only pick out the good ones and say that they really have a letter from Chinese

Combining this part of the war situation with the records of the war history of the US and our army, it is easy to get an impression that the 47th Army has lost the battle. It is some "authoritative scholars" in China who have spared no effort to publicize these years:

"(China) is completely passive politically, diplomatically and militarily."

"China talents found that this battle could not go on, and they completely lost their confidence and grasp of winning."

"China didn’t also the way out, because you can’t stand playing, you ask to stop, also can only accept. Judging from the early stage of the negotiations, Chinese is eager to stop, and Americans are dragging their feet and don’t want to stop. "

"The United States asked to follow the actual control line, and finally China accepted it."

However, the war history of the US military actually only disclosed the battles from October 2 to 18. In fact, the 47th Army fought with the 3rd Division and 1st Division of the Cavalry for five months!

And in these five months of fighting, what is the situation? How big is the impact on the negotiations?

The 47th Army crossed the Yalu River on April 14th, 1951. It was not until June 19 that the 65 th Army took over the 40-kilometer frontal defense line from Gaozuodong, east of Linjin River, to Xixiaozhi, and officially entered the battle.

The picture shows the volunteer soldiers who are not injured in the line of fire. The style of the 47th Army is absolutely excellent.

When the 47th Army took over the defense, the Americans wanted to take advantage of its new arrival to show off first. Results From June 22nd to the end of July, the 3rd Division of the United States and 1st Division of the Cavalry launched dozens of attacks on the positions of the 47th Army, all of which were repelled by the 47th Army. The volunteers did not lose an inch of land, and the American army failed to take any advantage.

You know, the 47th Army became famous for its war of resistance, and Liang Xingchu became famous all over the world with his ten longitudinal troops in Montenegro. The United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries have studied this unit, calling it "the trump card in China’s army" (in fact, it is not the main force of the PLA).

During the period when the 47th Army held its ground, our representative put forward the plan of taking the 38th parallel as the military demarcation line, but the Americans disagreed.

Since August, the 47th Army has taken the initiative to attack. The 140th Division launched many battalion company attacks on the US military, and captured many US military front support points in one breath, such as Dali, Mount jathyapple, Tiandeshan, Highland 418 and Highland 272, and pushed the defense line forward by 5 to 15 kilometers.

The picture shows the volunteers who crossed the mountain and crossed the river to attack the US military.

During this period, our representative made concessions and proposed taking the existing front as the military demarcation line, but the Americans still disagreed.

In order to cooperate with the negotiations, Li Qiwei, commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army" who succeeded MacArthur, decided to launch a "summer offensive" and an "autumn offensive".

However, in the summer offensive, the US 3rd Division and the 1st Division of Cavalry attacked and retaliated on a battalion scale for nearly two months, but they never regained the above points.

Therefore, in the autumn of 1951, Li Qiwei spared no expense to launch the last large-scale attack of the US military, and the first US army launched a counterattack on the above points. In the end, they succeeded.

According to the history of the US military, they improved the military situation on the front line and directly strengthened the strength of Admiral Joey and his staff to participate in the upcoming debate on the military demarcation line.

If this is the case, then the Americans who return to the negotiating table should have the advantage and will definitely open their mouths.

However, this is not the case. Just as the two sides were deadlocked, Washington sent instructions, telling Joey and Li Qiwei to accept China’s proposal.

Why?

The book "Korean War" written by the Japanese commented: "Although the operational objectives of the (US military) have been achieved, the price is not trivial, and it can be considered that the results are not so ideal."

Breideleil, one of the top leaders of the US military and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, famously satirized Li Qiwei: It will take at least 20 years to reach the Yalu River according to Li Qiwei’s style of play.

The picture shows the volunteer positions.

Li Qiwei launched the "summer offensive" and "autumn offensive" two large-scale attacks, with the US military as the main force. The "United Nations Army" lost a total of more than 157,000 people, of which the loss of the US military in these two months exceeded the loss of the US military in nine months from October 25, 1950 to the end of July 1951.

Li Qiwei finally admitted in his memoirs that the US military’s offensive suffered heavy casualties, which caused strong dissatisfaction at home.

Come back to the side of the 47th Army. According to the history of American war, the fighting will be over on October 18th. Actually, it is not.

Peng Dehuai was keenly aware that American troops had been replenished many times, lost their offensive spirit, and became a spent force, so he ordered a full-scale counterattack. Only the 47th Army launched a series of counterattacks, such as fish gathering in Nanshan, Shangpu defending Nanshan and Zhengdong Xishan. Especially in the counterattack of Zhengdong Xishan, which began on November 4, our army carried out coordinated operations in the Korean battlefield for the first time, and the fierce battle of 6 days and nights annihilated 2496 people in the 1 ST Division of the US Cavalry.

After this war, the 1st Division of American Cavalry lost its combat capability and was forced to retreat to Japan for rest, and never returned to the Korean battlefield.

The picture shows the volunteers who broke through the barbed wire in the counterattack.

From the resumption of negotiations on October 25 to the beginning of November, the casualties of American troops on the whole line in our counterattack exceeded those of their autumn offensive until October 24.

In the summer offensive, the "United Nations Army" lost 78,000 people; The autumn offensive lost 79,000 people.

When our army began to carry out tactical counter-attacks, 35,000 people were wiped out in the counter-attacks of battalion company scale alone.

In this case, the US military is actually unable to continue fighting again.

This is the reason why Washington asked Joey and Li Qiwei to accept China’s proposal on November 4th, when our army continuously counterattacked.

Volunteers can retake their positions by fighting at the battalion company scale, while the US military needs to spend a lot of money to win them by fighting at the division scale. This desperate offensive may last for a while, but it can’t last, which is better than the United States can’t afford such a battle. This is also the main reason why the US military has never launched a full-scale attack since then.

The picture shows the volunteers launching a counterattack against the US military.

Moreover, as far as the 47th Army is concerned, on June 19th, 1951, the front line was from Gaozuo Cave to Xixiaozhi, and the front line was from Zhengdong Xishan to A?vagho?a Cave. What concept? That is to say, during the period, the 47th Army generally advanced (net) more than 5 kilometers, covering an area of about 100 square kilometers. The US military achieved remarkable results in the summer offensive and the autumn offensive, but in the end, the 47th Army of the Volunteers made a net profit. This is because our army earned more in the early stage, and the Americans’ later offensive was just trying to recover the lost land captured by the Volunteers, and it has not been fully recovered. Before October 3rd, the 47th Army defeated the US 3rd Division, the US 1st Cavalry Division, the Canadian 25th Brigade and the Turkish Brigade, respectively, and the front line advanced 5 to 15 kilometers, about 200 square kilometers. Before the 1st Division of the US Cavalry was sent back to Japan, the two divisions of the US Army, the direct opponents of the 47th Army, advanced 4 kilometers, about 90 square kilometers.

After seeing the complete situation, can you still say that the 47th Army is the losing side? This is the fundamental reason why the agenda of the armistice negotiation military demarcation line can be agreed from July 27th to November 27th.

What the us military can’t get at the negotiating table, it can’t get on the battlefield. The actual performance of the volunteer military battlefield proves that this is not empty talk.

Then, were there any people who were misled by the US military’s half-month offensive because they didn’t see the overall war clearly, like the "authoritative scholars" mentioned earlier? Of course, there are many people in the United States who are "unconvinced", and the American negotiator Joey is one of them. He was unwilling to accept our proposal and added an additional condition: if the military armistice agreement can be signed within 30 days, the established military demarcation line will remain unchanged; If it is not signed within 30 days, the final demarcation line shall be based on the actual contact line.

Americans want to leave a tail, thinking that if they can continue the attack like "autumn offensive" in the future, they will occupy more territory so as to change it in the future.

Within 30 days, the word was not signed, and the situation of "talking while playing" continued for nearly two years. However, it is Americans who regret it. By the end of the armistice on July 27, 1953, our army had advanced another 332.6 square kilometers. The Americans tried to leave a "back door" for themselves, but they finally shot themselves in the foot.

The picture shows that on July 28, 1953, mark clark signed the Korean War Armistice Agreement as the commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army". In the end, it was the Americans who failed to hold the "dividing line" two years ago.

A short story recorded by the United States can well illustrate this situation:

"Because both sides said that they occupied a highland in the central area, Admiral Hodis had to call the conference representative and the commander guarding the highland on the phone. General Xie (Fang) called the commander of the army to verify that the highland was still under the control of the United Nations Command. This made him so angry that he whispered to his staff in Chinese,’ Never mind, we’ll take it away tonight.’ But this sentence was heard by Wu Translator, the lieutenant of the United Nations Command. Wu Translator immediately told Hodis this sentence, so the United Nations troops guarding this disputed highland got the news in advance about this attack and capture. Nevertheless, Chinese drove away the United Nations troops on this highland with its superior forces. The next day, Hodis had to admit that communist party had occupied this highland and had to adjust the contact line. "

Although the US military history strongly emphasized that its military actions strongly supported the negotiations, China "gained the upper hand in establishing the demarcation line". Admiral Joe, the chief representative of the United States, later wrote that he thought this was a turning point in the negotiations, which was a rational attitude adopted by the United States after insufficient military pressure.

Obviously, only when we have learned a hard lesson on the battlefield will Americans sit back to the negotiating table honestly.

(Text | edited by Wang Zhengxing | Huang Junfeng looked at the think tank The original title of this article: "Only when you have learned a lesson, Americans will honestly sit back at the negotiating table! 》）