Changes and Thinking of Internet Information Content

　　Editor’s Note: With the rapid development of information technology, the Internet has become an important platform to promote the modernization of state governance. In November 2018, the Internet and National Governance Development Report (2018) published by Social Science Literature Publishing House was officially released. Combined with the intergenerational characteristics of Internet social groups, this report summarizes and analyzes the characteristics and trends of the current Internet and social governance, and provides direction and reference for the Internet and social governance. This print selects three expert articles in the report to provide dinner for readers.

　　China’s online information service order has entered a "new normal". This paper analyzes the problems of Internet information content in China in recent years, which are mainly reflected in the fact that the Internet information content violates public order and good customs, the accuracy of public opinion judgment is challenged, and the work of using the Internet to resolve grassroots contradictions needs to be broken. In view of these characteristics and problems, this paper puts forward some thoughts and suggestions. First, it pays attention to management on the one hand and promotes application on the other; The second is to better play the role of public opinion in social governance; Third, through reform and innovation, a new model of government informatization construction driven by big data is established.

????Users are enthusiastic about paying fees, and the online copyright industry in China is on the rise. Photo courtesy/vision china

　　Standardization of Internet information content service

　　The Internet information content mentioned in this paper refers to the open and shared information service activities provided by the Internet to Internet users free of charge, as well as the open and shared information activities created by netizens on the network platform. China has long recognized the importance of Internet information service norms. In 2000, it issued the Regulations on the Administration of Internet Information Services in the form of the State Council Order, requiring a licensing system for commercial Internet information services. The filing system shall be implemented for non-operating Internet information services. Therefore, ICP(internet contentprovider) is the basic identity of all websites that provide information services. On this basis, news, culture, radio and television, publishing, drug supervision and administration, industrial and commercial administration and other departments have also formulated corresponding regulations, forming a "four pillars and eight pillars" for content providers and operation supervision.

　　(A) the content supply side has been fully managed.

　　Since 2013, current affairs news and comments have become more orderly through legal management and multi-departmental linkage. In May 2017, the National Internet Information Office revised and issued the Regulations on the Management of Internet News Information Services, which made new regulations on the license management of Internet news information services, the network information management system, and the main responsibilities of Internet news information service providers. In recent years, the mainstream media has vigorously promoted the integration of traditional media and new media, and the high-quality content of traditional media has entered the mobile field in large quantities. The former standardizes news source, while the latter improves the content supply side, which forms a joint force, so that the main current political content on the Internet is dominated by standardized information sources (mainstream traditional media).

　　(B) commercial websites play down the role of information content providers (ICP)

　　Since 1990s, commercial websites have been crowded on the road related to news and current affairs. In recent years, in addition to focusing on finance, entertainment and social news, online letter enterprises have also vigorously developed the commercial application functions of the Internet. These applications provide financial information and business tools for netizens all over the country. Online shops, online payment and Wechat business are in the ascendant, and the use of mobile phones to surf the Internet tends to be diversified and practical. The usage rates of bike-sharing, fresh food express, short video, mobile payment, O2O retail, health management, logistics and online banking are increasing rapidly. According to the report of China Internet Network Information Center, "in the first half of 2017, business transaction applications continued to grow at a high speed, and the users of online shopping, online take-out and online travel reservation increased by 10.2%, 41.6% and 11.5% respectively. The characteristics of consumption upgrading in online shopping market are further revealed, and users’ preferences are gradually shifting to quality, intelligence and new categories of consumption. At the same time, online and offline integration has expanded to data, technology, scenarios and other fields, and the huge user data resources accumulated by various platforms have been further valued. "

　　(C) knowledge payment is of great significance to content construction.

　　Since the birth of the Internet, everyone has been connected and there is a huge amount of information. However, after a certain period of development, when the amount of information is not a problem, effective content and high-quality content are becoming scarce resources. Although there are many doubts about how far knowledge payment can go, the emergence of knowledge payment is an extremely important phenomenon for the production of Internet information content in China, because it is related to the overall quality of online information content and its influence on the whole nation. Since the birth of the Internet, "free" has become a topic of great concern to netizens. "Free" has greatly improved people’s enthusiasm for using the Internet, and enhanced the overall ability of society to use information to improve the quality of life and improve production efficiency. But "free" and "intellectual property" are relatively contradictory. Without "intellectual property rights", the original ability in some fields will be severely hit, such as music creation, because Apple’s "iPod" and iTunes Store shopping malls attract users to choose each piece of music at a low price of 0.99 US dollars, so that the problem of music piracy can be alleviated. This has found a way to support original copyright and maximize Internet technology-turning knowledge into products or services to realize commercial value, which is conducive to people’s efficient screening of information and encouraging the production of high-quality content.

　　Analysis of the Problems in Internet Content

　　The rapid development of Internet leads to the explosive growth of online content. Besides the development, there are also some problems that need to be solved urgently.

　　(A) the violation of public order and good customs is more prominent.

　　The vulgarity of the internet has been repeatedly banned, and one of the outstanding performances is short videos and webcasts. In recent years, short video network live broadcast platform is very popular and has become a fashion. Singing, dancing and telling stories can create "online celebrity", and there are also great business opportunities, which attracts many young people to participate. Due to the intervention of commercial factors, many live broadcast platforms have become the hardest hit areas of vulgarity, pornography and fraud. Vulgarity has been accompanied by the spread of information on the Internet. The live broadcast platform is currently the hardest hit area, but there are also a lot of problems in the mobile applications run by traditional commercial websites and new mobile Internet information applications.

　　(B) The accuracy of public opinion judgment is challenged.

　　In the Internet 1.0 era, the discussion platforms of netizens are relatively concentrated, mainly news posts and forums. After the emergence of the mobile Internet, the situation changed slowly. First, in the era of "weak link" Sina Weibo, the main battlefield was transferred to Weibo. However, Weibo’s quick discussion and forwarding function brought its media function to the extreme, so that it was once out of control. Until the emergence of Tencent WeChat with strong link function and strong social color, the social privacy in the mobile Internet environment has been continuously enhanced, and search engine tools have been blocked by barriers built by different systems, different structures and different capital backgrounds. Since then, the Internet public opinion field has become fragmented, and public opinion hotspots have begun to become decentralized. After the main source of information obtained by netizens is from PC to mobile, the mobile phone has become a scramble place pushed by various mobile content providers, and the "customization" developed from this has also changed the characteristics of a piece of information circulated by many people in the past, showing a diversified source, which makes information acquirers or public opinion collectors need to look for it in multiple channels. This has also formed a phenomenon in the public opinion field: a topic that is "hot" for one kind of people may be unheard of for another kind of people.

　　(C) the use of the Internet to resolve grassroots contradictions to be broken

　　After the Internet entered China, it opened up an important channel for the Party and the government to understand people’s feelings and public opinions. Therefore, what is hotly debated by netizens has become an important reference for accurate guidance and decision-making. In recent years, this function seems to be weakening.

　　Not only commercial websites, but also in the public opinion rankings published by some public opinion research institutions in the system, many public opinion hotspots can’t accurately reflect the heat, or the hot public opinions don’t necessarily represent "real problems". At the grass-roots level, the discussion on the Internet focuses more on the immediate interests of the community. In recent years, there are few successful cases on how to form a consensus by using the Internet, through public participation such as debate and guidance.

　　Take a multi-pronged approach to give full play to the innovative role of the Internet

　　The framework of Internet information content communication order in China has been basically established, the communication situation is basically stable, the behavior of netizens tends to be diversified, and the development of Internet enterprises is in sync with the development of global Internet formats, even in some areas. Harmful components of the Internet have been taken seriously and corresponding countermeasures have been taken. This is a big background, which has laid a solid foundation for us to build and make good use of the Internet. We can do more research on how to give full play to the role of the Internet in social governance innovation.

　　(A) grasping management and promoting application.

　　In terms of management, we must first strengthen legislation. The Cyber Security Law of the People’s Republic of China was formally implemented, which made clear regulations on safeguarding cyber security, safeguarding cyberspace sovereignty, national security and social public interests, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and promoting the healthy development of economic and social informatization. Measures for the Administration of Internet Domain Names, Provisions on the Administration of Internet News and Information, and Provisions on Administrative Law Enforcement Procedures for the Administration of Internet Information Content have been promulgated and implemented successively. Among them, the most important thing to maintain the Internet communication order and even the political order is the revision of the Regulations on the Administration of Internet News Information Services.

　　The implementation of these laws and regulations, from the national level, social level, personal level, administrative law enforcement unit level, network platform level, etc., fully ensures that the Internet news information dissemination is carried out in a standardized and orderly environment, protects the healthy communication ecology, conforms to the interests of netizens and is conducive to long-term development.

　　Legislation, especially Internet legislation, requires public participation. Because the Internet is characterized by the participation of the whole people, in addition to content providers and service providers, it also requires all netizens to abide by the law. A large number of netizens generate content online, which should be publicized and educated for a long time, and public participation in legislation is a process of publicity and education. We should not only strengthen the management of party committees and governments, but also promote industry self-discipline. By actively cultivating and developing all kinds of organizations, we can fully stimulate the vitality of the grassroots and let social organizations participate in the management of the network society.

　　(B) better play the role of public opinion in social governance

　　Strengthen the classification and judgment of public opinion. Internet public opinion does have issues of right and wrong and national security, but national and overall issues cannot be mixed with grassroots voices appearing on the Internet. Simplifying all voices criticizing the government into harmful information and negative information is a new kind of "lazy politics" and irresponsible behavior to the people. Harmful political information should be disposed of according to law, and people’s livelihood information should be submitted and processed together with the party Committee and government departments that solve the problem. In the stratified and scattered public opinion hotspots, we should pay special attention to the judgment of nature and trend, pay attention to all kinds of possibilities behind popular data, pay attention to the problem that it is impossible to retrieve a lot with general tools, and not formalize public opinion work.

　　(3) Establish a new model of government innovation driven by big data.

????Accelerate the implementation of high-speed broadband network, comprehensive perception system, urban big data, smart city operation management, smart public service improvement and other projects, promote technology integration, business integration and data integration by means of data set neutralization and sharing, break the "data chimney" and "information island", realize cross-level, cross-regional, cross-system and cross-business collaborative management and service, and make big data truly become the driving force and government of social governance. For example, build a perception network system that comprehensively perceives urban safety, traffic, environment and cyberspace, and realize "one map comprehensive perception"; Build a decision-making assistant system based on big data, information sharing and artificial intelligence, and realize "knowing the whole situation with one button"; In all fields of public safety and urban operation management, an integrated urban operation management system with quick response, prediction and comprehensive coordination will be built through information technology to realize "integrated operation linkage". Through big data, we will promote scientific government decision-making, accurate community services and efficient public services. Online and offline linkage to create a social governance pattern of joint construction, governance and sharing. (Zhong Haifan: full-time director of Shenzhen Internet Information Office, think tank expert of Internet and Governance Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University)?